Combined electric and fluid-pressure mechanism



(No Model.) l 2 sheets-sheet 1. G. WESTINGHOSE, JI. COMBINED ELECTRIC AND FLUID PRESSURE MECHANISM.

Patented Aug. 9,1881.k

a j e An y (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G. WESTINGHOUSE, JI. COMBINED ELECTRIC AND FLUID PRESSURE MECHANISM. NQ. 245,592.

Patented Aug. 9, 1881.

NA PETERS, Fhulvlihogrnphur, Washmgwn. Dy C.

UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, JR., OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

COMBINED ELECTRIC AND FLUID-PRESSURE MECHANISM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 245,592, dated August 9, 1881.

Application filed May 31, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE WEsTINe- HOUSE, Jr., of Pittsburg, county of Allegheny, State of' Pennsylvania, have invented or discovered a new and useful Improvement in Combined Electric and Fluid-Pressure Mechanism and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, concise, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this speciication, in which-like letters indicating like parts- Figure l, Sheet l, is a sectional elevation of an apparatus illustrative ci' my present invention. Fig. 2 is a detached View, to an enlarged scale, ot" a portion thereof, the better to show some of the details. Fig. 3, Sheet 2, illustrates, by a diagram view, one manner of using my invention in operating railway block-signals. Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of one suitable form of regulating-valve and Fig. 5

l further illustrates the manner of using my invention in connection with either a reservoir or 'a pipe-line.

My presentinvention relates, chieiiy, to the use ot' duid-pressure for actuating signals, switches, and other movable parts of a railway superstructuresuch as gates, draw-bridges, anddraw-bridge appliances-wherein the iiuidpressure is brought into and out of operation by a valve or equivalent device ot" like function operated by electrical or electro-magnetic action. While any suitable duid-pressure may be employed, Iprefer to use compressed air, and such compressed air may be supplied from any suitable air-compressing apparatus through a'trunk linev of pipe, which may extend any desired distance along the line of railway track or tracks, from point to point, where the use of such compressed air may be desired; or it may be taken directly from a reservoir arrangedin convenient proximity to the place ofuse; or, as in the case, say, of a frei ght-yard or junction or crossing-point,the compressed airinaybe taken from a single reservoir common to all the switches or signals where its use is desired. As one convenient forni, and one which I now believe to be the best, I have shown a box or casing, A, containing four chambers, B, B', B2, and B3, the first of which, B, is for containing an electro-magnet, B4, and armature B5, the

second and third, B and B2, I term valvechambers, and the fourth, B3, is a piston chamberor cylinder, in which is arranged a piston, D', the motion of which, in one direction or the other, is intended to actuate, by suitable interposed connections, the signal, switch, or other movable devices. In this case I have represented the piston-stem D2, having an eye, D3, in its end, as a suitable connecting device for the purposes indicated. The piston D is to be provided with suitable packing in its periphery, and to avoid rust I prefer to add a brass bushing, d, and I also add a gasket, d, on which it may seat, so as to make a closejoint at the end of its outward stroke. The pipe by which the Huid-pressure is supplied enters the valve-chamber B by a side port, (shown at a, Figs. l and 2,) and when the apparatus is in use this port is always to be open.

The valve-chambers B B2 are connected by a small port, c, through which passes a valvestem, e. So much ot' this stem c as passes through the port c is less in size or cross-section than the port itself. The valve-stem c carries two valves, s s', the one ot' which, s, has a seat on the upper end of the port c, seating downward, and the lower valve, s', seats upward on the valve-seat, immediately at or near the lower end of the valve-chamber BF", and these valves are arranged on the stem c such distance from each other relative to the distance between their seats that only one can be closed atatime. The upper end of the valvestem e, entering a socket bored in the cap A, has a suitable means for guiding it, and has also a projection, c', at its lower end, bringing it within the range of operation of the armature B5, as presently to be described.

From the chamber B2, at a point between the valves s and s', a port, af, leads to the pistonchamber B3. Hence it will be seen that when the valve s is unseated and the valve s is seated an open line of communication will be made from the source of fluid-pressure supply to the piston-chamber B3, so that such iiuid pressure entering the chamber B3 will actuate the piston thereof, and through it and its stem D2 communicate motion to the signal, switch, or other movable appliance, and that with the valves reversed, so that s shall be closed and seated and s unseated, the duid-pressure is cut-ott' and the escape open from B3 through the port a and the port of the valve s' to any suitable waste. In order to give the valves s and s such motion or action, I employ an electro-magnet, B4, or any equivalent form or description of electro-magnetic appliance. Electric wires or conductors a n', through which to make a circuit from any suitable circuitcloser or key at the opcrators stand or cabin, which may be either close at hand or at a distance, provide means for bringing the electromagnet into action, so that when the circuit is closed the armature B shall be attracted to its magnet, and its free end, engaging the projection e on the valve-stem c, shall seat the valve s and open the valve s, and thereby admit duid-pressure to the piston-chamber B3, so as to give proper motion to the signal, switch, or other movable appliance. In this way a signal at a switch, either when it is near Vor distant, may be set in anydesired position, and retained in such position as long as the electric circuit eontin ues closed, and the salue will be true of a switch, gate, or other movable appliancc.

When it is desired to reverse the signal, switch, or gate, or other appliance, the electric circuit is broken in the usual way, which results in the releasing of the armature B5, and consequently the valve s is closed and the valve s is open, whereby the Huid-pressure is carried off to the waste-pipe, which is thereby opened from the cylinder B3.

Acounter-weight or spring applied to the signal, switch, or other device, to be used in any ofthe ways known in the art, may be employed to secure the reversal ofthe device, and it will remain reversed until fluid-pressure is again applied in the lnanner set forth.

Ordinarily the valve s will be seated by gravity when the electric circuit is broken; but in case the apparatus should be constructed so that gravity will not do this work, the valve s may be made a little larger than the valve s, so that the excess of Huid-pressure thereon shall tend in the direction indicated; but the same resuLt may he secured by the use of a spring or other equivalent appliance.

The armature B5 may be supplied with a retracting-spring, b, and an adjustable stop, 1)', if desired or found necessary.

In the preferable construction otl such apparatus the piston D', when at the end of its stroke,under operation ofuid-pressure, should set and hold the signal to safety,7 (when employed for signal use,) so that in case of any defect in the apparatus, such as leakage and defective or broken circuit, Ste., the signal will be at or come to danger;77 but, if desired, the connections may be so made that this position will be reversed. Hence, in the use of this apparatus, I do not limit myself as to features of organization last referred to, nor do I limit myself to any particular device or arrangement of the apparatus relative to the appliance to be actuated.

The case A may be so set that the pistonstem I)2 shall behorizontal or vertical at pleasure. Also, the waste-port may be made separate from the supply-port a', and upon and close by a separate valve device suitably operated for the purpose.

As it will be desirable in apparatus ot' this kind that the Huid-pressure admitted to the piston-chamber B3 shall be uniform., or nearly so, and as the pressure in the trunk supplypipe or in the reservoir or reservoirs may be variable, particularly when two or more of these appliances are actuated by Huid-pressure from a common source, I prefer to arrange a pressure-regulating valve at any suitable point intermediate between the trunk-pipe or reservoir and the port a. To illustrate this I have shown in Fie. 5, by dotted lines, a trunk-pipe, W, such as above referred to, as also, by full lines, a main reservoir, NV, either of which (according as one or the other may be used) may have a capacity somewhat in excess ot' that required in the actual use ot' any one apparatus, and for illustration I will suppose such capacity to be one hundred pounds per square inch, and will also suppose that ten pounds per square inch pressure will be suticient for actuating any one piston D. Hence I arrange a pressure-regulator, as at W2, at any desired point between the trunk-pipe NV or the main reservoir 7' and the port a or the pipe a2, leading thereto, and such regulator I adjust so thatunderthe circumstances above supposed it shall close as soon as the piston-chamber B3 is charged with a pressure ot' ten pounds per square inch, and shall open when such pressure falls below that point. Hence in this way I not only secure a uniform working-pressure in the piston-chamber B, but I also make provision for a working of two or more sets ot' my improved apparatus from a single trunkpipe or a single main reservoir.

If it be desired to have a small chamber or reservoir ot' fluid-pressure between the regulator W2 and the port a, it may be'arran ged as represented at a3.

Apparatus such as described may be combined with or have combined with it other appliances known in the art, whereby-sayon the setting ot' the signal-another means, power, or a gency maybe brought into operation for shifting a switch, or the motion of the piston D may close or break another electriccircuit, or move a valve or equivalent appliance for actuating another signal or switch, as the case may be. Hence the present invention is claimed, whether the apparatus embodying the same is used separately or in combination with other apparatus.

hile any suitable i'ormof pressure-regulator may be employed at 72, I have shown in Fig. 4 one which I prefer. Here the supplypipe d, leading from the reservoir W or from the trunk-pipe W", opens bya port, d, through intermediate ports and passages, into a diaphragm chamber, w, beneath a flexible dia- IOS phragm, fw. The stem wz, to which the diaph ragni is secured atits center, extends through a port,t,but does not fill the port, and through the valve-chamber n', and carries a valve, e2. Springs are added, as at s2 s3, of such power that when the pressure below the diaphragm w becomes excessive the diaphragm will rise, seat the valve c2, and cut off the supply. As against a less pressure no effect will be produced, and the air will flow through port d', ports u2, valve chamber c', port e, and the notches or ports u in the nut u, to the pipe a2, through the reservoir a3, if such be used, and thence communication is made to port' a of the apparatus with the result already described.

In further illustration of one of many applications or modes of using my present invention, I have shown in Fig. 3, Sheet 2, its application to a close-circuited block system of railway-track. Inthis system the track R is divided up into sections or blocks, insulated from each other, as at r r, but with each line of rails electrically connected between the points r. At or near one end of each section is a battery, m, the opposite poles of which are connected with the opposite lines ot' track-rails, and at or near the opposite end ot' each section is the signal apparatus A, arranged at or in convenient proximity to a signal-post, P, and so that the piston-stem D2 may actuate a counterweighted semaphore, S; but in this organization the circuit-wires n a are in electrical connection with the opposite lilies of track-rails. Then, when the track is clear and the circuit through wires and rails is unbroken, the valve s, Fig. 2, will be seated and s will be unseated, so that by the outward movement ot' the piston the signals will be at safety, as at stations 2 and 3 ot Fig. 3; but when the wheels and axleot' a train enter on a section-say from the rightthey short-circuit or cut out the battery, which results in the release ot' the armature B5 and the shiftingof the signal to danger, as atstation ll, Fig. 3. In this diagram I have shown the fluid-pressure as being supplied from a main track pipe, W, as above described; but one or more reservoirs, one at each signal-post, may be substituted therefor. The wheels and axle here operate as and perform the functions ot' circuit closer and breaker.

As already suggested, additional devices may be added for making and breaking a new circuit at each piston stroke, so as to actuate another or distant signal, also, station and signal lights may be operated by carburetors taking air from the pipe W in the manner described in Patent No. 240,628, granted to me April 26, 1881.

With the explanation thus given the skilled constrncter can readily adapt the apparatus described to the actuating of crossing, switch,

station, and draw-bridge signals, as also to giving to switches their proper motions, to locking and unlocking draw-bridges, and, in fact, to moving any device by fluid-pressure, which pressure is capable of being brought into action by the making or breaking of an electric circuit, and for such uses any known suitable form of circuitbreaker may be employed, whether actuated by hand or by some mechanism of mechanical power; and the apparatus may also be employed on what are known as overlapping block-sections,77 with such changes as will come within the knowledge ot' the skilled constructer.

In a separate application already tiled I have described a like method of operation to that herein involved, and hence the present invention is limited to the features of construction and combination hereinafter claimed, including, of course, the mechanical equivalents of the devices named.

It may also be noted that the use of a pressure regulator enables me to economize air, so as not to waste any power in the operations described, and that the armature in operating the valves is never subject to any excessive resistance from the presence of undue air-pressure. It will also be practicable to discharge the waste air into a close box or chamber, so that it may be used to supply the carburetors.

If additional means of adjustment of the ar.

mature is required with reference to the valve,

it may be secured by the use of a set-screw, G,

as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

I claim herein as my invention- 1. The combination of an electro-magnet and armature, a pair of valves naturally moving or pressed simultaneouslyin one direction and actuated by the arma-ture simultaneously in the other direction, a single-acting piston, a signal actuated thereby, a supply-port opened, and a waste-port closed, by said valves when the armature is in one position, and vice versa when the armatureis in the other position, substantially as set forth.

2. A case or box, A, composed of chambers B B B2 B3, ports a c a', in combination with piston D', valves and stem, armature and magnet, substantially as set forth.

3. Valves s s on a common stem, e, having a projection, e', to bring it within reach ofthe armature, in combination with continuouslyopen supply-port a, and with ports a c,inter mittently opened and in reverse order, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

GEORGE WES'IINGHOUSE, JR.

Witnesses:

It. H. WHrrrLEsEY, GEORGE H. GHRIsTY.

IOO

IOS

IIO

IIS 

